How can we distinguish between the parts of the Old testament we should still obey (e.g. the Ten Commandments) and the parts no longer binding on us?

1. Start with what Jesus says about the Law

• He did not abolish the Law
• He fulfilled it
• He warns against setting it aside lightly

This means:

• The Old Testament still matters
• But it must be read through Jesus

2. Separate the types of laws

Moral laws (still binding)

• Timeless commands about right and wrong
• Example: the Ten Commandments

You still follow these because:

• They reflect God’s character
• Jesus and the apostles repeat them

Examples:

• Do not murder
• Do not steal
• Do not commit adultery

Ceremonial laws (fulfilled in Jesus)

• Sacrifices, temple rituals, dietary rules

Why they no longer bind you:

• Jesus completed their purpose

Example:

• Animal sacrifices → fulfilled by Jesus’ sacrifice

Civil laws (for ancient Israel)

• Laws for governing Israel as a nation

Why they don’t apply directly:

• The church is not a political nation

But:

• You can still learn principles (justice, fairness)

3. Use this simple filter

When you read an Old Testament command, ask:

• Is this about moral behavior or ritual practice?
• Did Jesus repeat or deepen this teaching?
• Do the apostles teach it in the New Testament?

If yes → keep it
If no → it was likely fulfilled or limited to Israel

4. Watch how Jesus handles the Law (Matthew 5)

• He deepens it, not reduces it

Examples:

• Murder → includes anger
• Adultery → includes lust

This shows:

• Focus on the heart, not just actions

5. Focus on the core summary

Jesus points everything toward:

• Love God
• Love your neighbor

Every command fits under this

6. Practical way to apply this

When you read a law:

• Identify its category (moral, ceremonial, civil)
• Check if it appears in the New Testament
• Apply the underlying principle

Example:

• Sabbath law
  • Not enforced as a rule
  • But the principle of rest still matters

7. Keep this tension clear

• You don’t ignore the Old Testament
• You don’t follow it the same way Israel did

You follow it through Jesus

Ask yourself:

• Am I focusing only on rules, or on heart change?
• Am I using the Old Testament to grow in love for God and others?